(I)
From A Dictionary of Literary Terms ed. Cuddon:
(i)
Feminine caesura: A caesura which comes after an unstressed syllable, as after ‘open’ in this line from John Berryman’s Homage to Mistress Bradstreet:
The winters close, Springs open, no child stirs
Masculine caesura: A caesura which comes after a stressed syllable, as after ‘moles’ in the second of these lines from Matthew Arnold’s ‘To A Republican Friend’:
The barren optimistic sophistriesOf comfortable moles, whom what they doTeaches the limit of the just and true.
(ii) Feminine ending. An extra unstressed syllable at the end of a line of verse. Common in blank verse, with the slack eleventh syllable, as in the third line of these three from George Chapman’s De Guina (the first two have masculine endings):
O incredulity! The wit of fools,That slovenly will spit on all things fair,The coward’s castle, and the sluggard’s cradle.
In prosody, it refers to a line of verse that ends with an unstressed syllable. Usually it is contrasted with other lines that end in a stress – a masculine ending.
(iii) Feminine rhyme. When words of two or more syllables rhyme it is known as feminine or double rhyme. It is particularly common in humorous verse, as in the first two lines of this flippant epitaph
Here lie I and my four daughters,Killed by drinking Cheltenham waters.Had we but stuck to Epsom salts,We wouldn’t have been in these here vaults.
What is masculine rhyme? ‘A single monosyllabic rhyme, like ‘thorn/scorn at the end of a line. It is the commonest type of rhyme in English verse’
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